PTCB Study Guide: Indications

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Research data shows the top 20 most common conditions diagnosed by primary care and specialist physicians. Treatment and indications are also listed. <br />
<br />
<table style="width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr>     <th>Condition</th>     <th>Indications</th>       <th>Treatment</th>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>High blood pressure (hypertension)</td>     <td>Blood pressure is a measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. Hypertension is another term used to describe high blood pressure.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>ACE Inhibitor: Benazepril, Lisinopril (Prinivil), Hydrochlorothiazide/lisinopril (Zestoretic)</li>
<li>Channel blocker: Felodipine (Plendil), Amlodipine (Norvasc), Nifedipine (Procardia)</li>
<li>Diuretic: Triamterene, Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide/losartan (Hyzaar), Chlorthalidone (Thalitone), Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)</li>
<li>Heart medication: Nitroglycerin through the skin (Nitro-Dur)</li>
<li>Other treatments: Irbesartan (Avapro), Metoprolol, Nadolol (Corgard), Candesartan (Atacand), Telmisartan (Micardis), Losartan (Cozaar), Valsartan (Diovan), Labetalol (Trandate), Bisoprolol (Zebeta), Carvedilol (Coreg), Spironolactone (Aldactone), Atenolol (Tenormin)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Cholesterol, HDL, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperlipidemia, Hyperlipoproteinemia, LDL</td>     <td>High amounts of cholesterol in the blood. High cholesterol can limit blood flow, increasing risk of heart attack or stroke. It's detected by a blood test.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Diabetes medication: Fenofibrate (Tricor), Gemfibrozil (Lopid)</li>
<li>Statin: Ezetimibe/simvastatin (Vytorin), Lovastatin (Mevacor), Pravastatin (Pravachol), Fluvastatin (Lescol), Simvastatin (Zocor), Atorvastatin (Lipitor)</li>
<li>Other treatments: Niacin (Niacor), Ezetimibe (Zetia), Colestipol (Colestid)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Type 2 diabetes<br />
Also called: adult onset diabetes</td>     <td>Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Diabetes medication: Metformin/saxagliptin monohydrate, Metformin/rosiglitazone, Metformin/pioglitazone, Acarbose (Precose), Glyburide/metformin (Glucovance), Glipizide/metformin, Sitagliptin/metformin (Janumet), Glyburide (Micronase), Sitagliptin (Januvia), Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glimepiride (Amaryl), Metformin (Glucophage), Saxagliptin (Onglyza), Insulin aspart, Rosiglitazone (Avandia), Pioglitazone (Actos)</li>
<li>Diabetes medication by injection: Insulin lispro (Humalog), Insulin, Insulin glargine (Lantus), Exenatide (Byetta), Insulin detemir (Levemir)</li>
<li>Statin: Atorvastatin (Lipitor)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Back pain</td>     <td>A common, painful condition affecting the lower portion of the spine. Pain: in the back, hip, leg, tailbone, or muscle and bone.<br />
Sensory: pins and needles or sensitivity to pain. Also common: leg numbness or muscle spasms</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Anti-inflammatory: Ketorolac by injection or by mouth (Toradol)</li>
<li>Muscle relaxant: Metaxalone (Skelaxin), Methocarbamol (Robaxin), Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril ), Carisoprodol</li>
<li>Pain reliever: Tramadol (Ultram)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Anxiety</td>     <td>Severe anxiety that lasts at least six months is generally considered to be problem that might benefit from evaluation and treatment. Each anxiety disorder has different symptoms, but all the symptoms cluster around excessive, irrational fear and dread.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Antidepressants: (Prozac, Sarafem), imipramine (Tofranil), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), sertraline (Zoloft) and venlafaxine (Effexor XR). Citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro)</li>
<li>Buspirone.</li>
<li>Benzodiazepines: Alprazolam (Niravam, Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), and lorazepam (Ativan).</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Obesity</td>     <td>A disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems.</td>       <td>The mainstay of treatment is lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Allergic rhinitis/ Seasonal allergies</td>     <td>An allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, and other similar symptoms.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Antihistamine: Levocetirizine (Xyzal), Azelastine nasally (Astelin), Desloratadine (Clarinex)</li>
<li>Steroids: Triamcinolone, Budesonide by inhaling</li>
<li>Steroids nasally: Budesonide, Beclomethasone (Beconase), Flunisolide, Mometasone (Nasonex), Triamcinolone acetonide (Nasacort), Fluticasone (Flonase)</li>
<li>Other treatments: Ciclesonide nasally (Omnaris), Ipratropium nasally (Atrovent)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Reflux esophagitis/ Acid reflux</td>     <td>Digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Stomach acid supressant: Pantoprazole (Protonix), Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant), Rabeprazole (Aciphex)</li>
<li>Other treatments: Sucralfate (Carafate)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Respiratory Diseases</td>     <td>A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Steroids: Fluticasone/salmeterol by mouth</li>
<li>Steroids by inhaling: Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort), Budesonide, Fluticasone/salmeterol, Fluticasone, Beclomethasone</li>
<li>Other treatments: Arformoterol by inhaling (Brovana), Formoterol by inhaling (Foradil), Ipratropium by inhaling (Atrovent), Salmeterol by inhaling or by mouth, Acetylcysteine, Indacaterol by inhaling, Albuterol/ipratropium by inhaling (Duoneb), Tiotropium bromide by inhaling (Spiriva), Albuterol by inhaling (Accuneb) or into the windpipe, Levalbuterol by inhaling (Xopenex)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Hypothyroidism /Underactive thyroid</td>     <td>A condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone.</td>       <td>Levothyroxine (Synthroid)</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Visual Refractive Errors/ Farsightedness, Hyperopia, Myopia, Nearsightedness </td>     <td>Refractive errors are vision problems that happen when the shape of the eye keeps you from focusing well. </td>       <td>Eyeglasses, Contact Lenses, Refractive Surgery</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Osteoarthritis/ OA, degenerative joint diseas</td>     <td>A type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Anti-inflammatory: Indometacin (Indocin), Etodolac (Lodine), Meloxicam (Mobic), Piroxicam (Feldene), Diclofenac by mouth or to the affected area (Voltaren), Celecoxib (Celebrex)</li>
<li>Pain reliever: Tramadol (Ultram)</li>
<li>Steroids: Cortisone</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Fibromyalgia/myositis, neuritis, fibrositis</td>     <td>Widespread muscle pain and tenderness.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Muscle relaxant: Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril )</li>
<li>Other treatments: Paroxetine (Paxil), Fluoxetine (Prozac), Milnacipran (Savella), Pregabalin (Lyrica), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Venlafaxine (Effexor), Gabapentin (Neurontin), Sertraline (Zoloft), Amitriptyline</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Malaise and fatigue</td>     <td>Malaise is a generalized feeling of discomfort, illness, or lack of well-being. Fatigue (feeling tired) occurs with malaise in many diseases. Along with malaise, you can have a feeling of not having enough energy to do usual activities.</td>       <td></td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Joint Pain</td>     <td>Conditions that can lead to painful joints, include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, gout, strains, sprains, and other injuries.</td>       <td>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen or naproxen may help relieve pain and swelling. </td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Acute laryngopharyngitis/ Laryngitis</td>     <td>An inflammation of the voice box from overuse, irritation, or infection.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Anti-inflammatory: Ibuprofen (Advil)</li>
<li>Pain reliever: Acetaminophen (Tylenol)</li>
<li>Stomach acid supressant: Omeprazole (Prilosec), Esomeprazole (Nexium), Lansoprazole (Prevacid)</li>
<li>Other treatments: Calcium carbonate (Tums)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Acute maxillary sinusitis/ sinus infection</td>     <td>A condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Antibiotics: Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin), Cefuroxime, Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Cefprozil, Moxifloxacin, Cefdinir, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin (Zithromax), Clarithromycin (Biaxin)</li>
<li>Steroids nasally: Budesonide, Beclomethasone (Beconase), Flunisolide, Mometasone (Nasonex), Fluticasone (Flonase)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Major depression/ clinical depression</td>     <td>A mood disorder causing a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.</td>       <td>Escitalopram (Lexapro), Selegiline (Eldepryl), Aripiprazole (Abilify), Bupropion (Wellbutrin), Imipramine (Tofranil-PM), Paroxetine (Paxil), Desvenlafaxine, Fluoxetine (Prozac), Trazodone (Desyrel), Nortriptyline (Pamelor), Buspirone, Amitriptyline, Fluvoxamine, Citalopram (Celexa), Venlafaxine (Effexor), Mirtazapine (Remeron), Sertraline (Zoloft), Duloxetine (Cymbalta)<br />
<ul>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Acute bronchitis/ bronchial infection</td>     <td>Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Antibiotics: Amoxicillin (Amoxil), Azithromycin (Zithromax), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin)</li>
<li>Pain reliever: Codeine</li>
<li>Steroids: Fluticasone by inhaling</li>
<li>Other treatments: Prednisone (Deltasone), Albuterol by inhaling (Accuneb)</li>
</ul>
</td>   </tr>
<tr>     <td>Asthma</td>     <td>A condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus.</td>       <td><ul>
<li>Steroids: Methylprednisolone by injection</li>
<li>Steroids by inhaling: Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Fluticasone/salmeterol, Budesonide, Flunisolide (Aerospan), Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)</li>
<li>Other treatments: Levalbuterol, Tiotropium bromide, Albuterol/ipratropium by inhaling (Duoneb), Zileuton (Zyflo), Zafirlukast (Accolate), Pirbuterol, Salmeterol by inhaling, Prednisone (Deltasone), Albuterol, Ipratropium by inhaling (Atrovent)</li>
</ul>
</td>  </tr>
</tbody></table>

Top 20 Most Commonly Diagnosed Conditions

Research data shows the top 20 most common conditions diagnosed by primary care and specialist physicians. Treatment and indications are a...